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|transmission=3-speed automatic 4-speed manual 5-speed manual 4-speed semi-automatic |layout=MF layout |related=Citroën SM |length= (saloon) (estate) |width= |height= (saloon) (estate) |weight=(saloon) (estate) |wheelbase= |track= |designer=Flaminio Bertoni }} The Citroën DS ((:sitʁoɛn de ɛs)) is a front-engine, front-wheel-drive executive car manufactured and marketed by the French company Citroën from 1955 to 1975 in sedan, wagon/estate and convertible body configurations. Italian sculptor and industrial designer Flaminio Bertoni and the French aeronautical engineer André Lefèbvre styled and engineered the car. Paul Magès developed the hydropneumatic self-levelling suspension. Noted for its aerodynamic, futuristic body design and innovative technology, the DS set new standards in ride quality, handling, and braking.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Citroen DS – A car years ahead of its time )〕〔Car Magazine October 2012〕 Citroën sold 1,455,746 cars, including 1,330,755 built at the manufacturer's original mass-production plant in Paris at the Quai André-Citroën (previously the Quai de Javel). The DS was the first mass production car with disc brakes. The DS came third in the 1999 Car of the Century poll recognizing the world's most influential auto designs and was named the most beautiful car of all time by ''Classic & Sports Car'' magazine.〔 ==Model history== After 18 years of secret development as the successor to the Traction Avant, the ''DS 19'' was introduced on 5 October 1955 at the Paris Motor Show. In the first 15 minutes of the show, 743 orders were taken, and orders for the first day totalled 12,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Most Incredible Car Ever Built )〕 Contemporary journalists said the DS pushed the envelope in the ride vs. handling compromise possible in a motor vehicle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AutoSpeed - The Amazing Citroen DS )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Drive: 1960 Citroen DS )〕 To a France still deep in reconstruction after the devastation of World War II, and also building its identity in the post-colonial world, the DS was a symbol of French ingenuity.〔Fifty Cars That Changed the World by Design Museum, 2010, ISBN 978-1840915365〕 The DS was distributed to many territories throughout the world. It also posited the nation's relevance in the Space Age, during the global race for technology of the Cold War.〔 Structuralist philosopher Roland Barthes, in an essay about the car, said that it looked as if it had "fallen from the sky". An American advertisement summarised this selling point: "It takes a special person to drive a special car".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Toronto car enthusiast owns France’s topless ‘goddess’ )〕 Because they were owned by the technologically aggressive tire manufacturer Michelin, Citroën had designed their cars around the technically superior radial tire since 1948, and the DS was no exception.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Car History 4U - History of the car tire in Motor Cars / Automobiles )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Tale of Two Tires - Businessweek )〕 The car featured a novel hydropneumatic suspension including an automatic leveling system and variable ground clearance,〔"...gliding on air with only the flick of the speedometer needle to remind you you're in motion! No bumping, jerking, dragging, lurching." From an ad for the Citroen stand at the Motor Show, London, 1957〕 developed in-house by Paul Magès. This suspension allowed the DS to travel quickly on the poor road surfaces common in France.〔Citroen DS: Design Icon By Malcolm Bobbit , 2005, ISBN 9781904788300, page 32〕 In addition, the vehicle had power steering and a semi-automatic transmission (the transmission required no clutch pedal, but gears still had to be shifted by hand〔), though the shift lever controlled a powered hydraulic shift mechanism in place of a mechanical linkage, and a fibreglass roof which lowered the centre of gravity and so reduced weight transfer. Inboard front brakes (as well as independent suspension) reduced unsprung weight. Different front and rear track widths and tyre sizes reduced the unequal tyre loading, which is well known to promote understeer, typical of front-engined and front-wheel drive cars. As with all French cars, the DS design was affected by the tax horsepower system, which effectively mandated very small engines. Unlike the ''Traction Avant'' predecessor, there was no top-of-range model with a powerful six-cylinder engine. Citroën had planned an air-cooled flat-6 engine for the car, but did not have the funds to put the prototype engine into production. The DS placed third in the 1999 Car of the Century competition, and fifth on ''Automobile Magazines "100 Coolest Cars" listing in 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Automobile Magazine – 100 Coolest Cars )〕 It was also named the most beautiful car of all time by ''Classic & Sports Car'' magazine after a poll of 20 world-renowned car designers, including Giorgetto Giugiaro, Ian Callum, Roy Axe, Paul Bracq, and Leonardo Fioravanti. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Citroën DS」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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